Nevertheless, as the simultaneous activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors in preclinical models results in greater WL and glucose-lowering efficacy compared to activation of each receptor alone [38,39,40], the interest for the development of unimolecular GLP-1 and GIP RA was increased, despite that this additive effect in food intake and glycaemia was not observed in some acute clinical studies [41, 42]
It does not establish that GHK-Cu treats, cures, or prevents any disease
Data availability The dataset analyzed in this study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
This broad regulatory activity includes upregulation of tissue repair genes, collagen synthesis pathways, antioxidant defense systems, and anti-inflammatory signaling networks, alongside simultaneous downregulation of genes associated with tissue destruction, inflammation, and fibrosis