In studies examining blood GSH in AD, 7 studies used the Hachiniski Ischaemic Score (HIS 4) to differentiate those with AD from those with potential vascular causes [41, 46, 55, 58, 60, 61, 69], and 5 of those studies further used neuroimaging to support diagnosis [55, 58, 60, 61, 69] (Table 2)
Typical concentration: 50 mg/mL L-Carnitine L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that acts as a shuttle, transporting long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane where they can be burned for energy
Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable
DOI: Published online: February 14, 2024 1 Borthwick Diabetes Research Centre, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK 2 Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Corresponding author: Adie Viljoen