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In addition to complex I deficiency patients, riboflavin administration has been used in complex II deficiency patients, resulting in moderate clinical improvement, stable clinical picture, and prevented disease progression, as well as a twofold elevation in complex II activity in vitro (48)
Pandey S, Mangmool S, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Wichaiyo S, Luangmonkong T, Parichatikanond W (2023) Exendin-4 protects against high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through GLP-1 receptor/Epac/Akt signaling
They work by mimicking GLP-1, a hormone your body naturally releases after youve eaten that stimulates your body to release insulin