doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1542269
10.1177/0748730405277232 J
Since different peptides affect different cells and functions, they can be highly tailored and targeted to treat a full spectrum of health, wellness, fitness, sexual health, aging and cognitive conditions
Elevated concentrations of metals (such as As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb) may affect photosynthetic apparatus, electron transport chain and chlorophyll biosynthesis, induce cellular damage, impair cellular redox homeostasis, and finally cause cellular metabolic arrest (Anjum et al., via lowering water potential, and alter the normal homeostasis of cells (Miller et al., 2 O 2 , O 2 ) are common in plants exposed to high levels of salinity and/or metals (Benavides et al., Diverse plant taxa have been reported to adapt metabolically to salinity and exposure to metals by enhancing synthesis of sulfur (S)-rich peptides (such as glutathione, GSH) and low-molecular-weight nitrogenous and proteogenic amino acids/osmolytes (such as proline, Pro) (Khan et al., 1)