Aside from regulating blood glucose levels, GLP-1, the intestinal hormone, also has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative effects
Around half the patients had type 2 diabetes, and none had type 1 diabetes [106]
What the Research Shows Recent research on semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) has revealed concerning trends about body composition changes: A 2023 analysis of STEP trial data found that approximately 39% of weight lost on semaglutide was lean body mass 1 Research on tirzepatide showed similar patterns, with 30-40% of total weight loss coming from lean tissue 2 Comparative studies indicate GLP-1 users may lose more muscle than people losing weight through diet and exercise alone 3 For context: if you lose 50 pounds on a GLP-1 medication, 15-20 pounds might be muscle mass
Loss or damage to the ICCs appears to be a dominant abnormality [3, 6, 11], where altered immune function with a shift from M2 to M1 macrophage expression and impaired regulation of haem oxygenase 1 leading to increased oxidative stress may be responsible [6, 11]