doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1566498 Received 24 January 2025 Accepted 28 March 2025 Published 25 April 2025 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Iolanda Cioffi, University of Milan, Italy Reviewed by Valentina Ponzo, University of Turin, Italy Emily Fritz, Consultant, South Barrington, IL, United States Alissa Smethers, Temple University, United States Updates Copyright 2025 Johnson, Milstead, Thomas, McGlasson, Green, Kreider and Jones
These injections contain a synthetic version of the vitamin called cyanocobalamin and are usually given directly into a muscle by a healthcare provider
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Similarly, a recent cross-sectional study in healthy nurses found that NS workers had significantly lower plasma melatonin levels compared to DS workers, alongside trends toward altered leptin, ghrelin, and metabolic parameters, supporting the role of circadian disruption in predisposing to metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for BC development 175